Sealed Lead-Acid Battery Overview
Sealed lead-acid batteries are the most widely used type of rechargeable battery, known for their diverse applications, including uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), automotive systems, medical equipment, and telecommunications. The battery contains multiple cells, each with plates immersed in a dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Battery Terminals
Depending on the specific model, these batteries may feature AMP Faston terminals made of tin-plated brass, post terminals with threaded nuts and bolts, or heavy-duty flag-type terminals made from a lead alloy. A special epoxy resin is used as the sealant around the terminals.
Battery Plates (Electrodes)
Power Sonic employs cutting-edge technology and equipment to cast grids from a lead-calcium alloy that is antimony-free. Adding small amounts of calcium and tin to the grid alloy strengthens the plates, ensuring durability even under extensive cycling. The grids are coated with a lead dioxide slurry, forming the active material. In a charged state, the negative plates consist of pure lead, while the positive plates are made of lead dioxide. Both materials are porous and spongy to optimize surface area and maximize capacity. The robust lead-calcium alloy grids provide an extra margin of performance and lifespan in cycling and float applications and exceptional deep discharge recovery.
Electrolyte
The electrolyte used is a gelled dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) electrolyte.
Battery Pressure Relief Valve
A pressure relief valve is incorporated to prevent excessive gas pressure from building up inside the battery. This one-way valve releases pressure and prevents air from entering the battery, as oxygen reacting with the plates can cause self-discharge. It is a crucial safety feature in the event of overcharging. The venting pressure ranges from 2 to 6 psi, and the sealing ring is made of neoprene rubber.
Battery Separators
Power Sonic’s lead-acid battery separators are made from non-woven fiberglass, offering high heat and oxidation resistance. This material provides superior electrolyte absorption and retention, and exceptional ionic conductivity.
Battery Case and Cover Sealing
The case and cover are made from ABS, a high-impact resin with strong chemical and fire resistance. The case and cover are constructed from non-conductive ABS plastic, meeting UL94-HB or UL94 V-0 flammability standards, depending on the model (e.g., PS-1270, PS-1270 FR). The case is sealed using ultrasonic welding, epoxy, or heat-sealing, depending on the model. If you’re interested in learning more about battery characteristics, you might find our comparison of 18650 vs 26650 battery characteristics insightful.